Shilpi Mayank Awasthi

Teaching Functional Words  in Speech Therapy: A Simple Approach

Effective communication is the foundation of human interaction. However, some individuals struggle to convey their needs, wants, and ideas due to communication disorders or developmental disabilities. Speech therapy can play a vital role in addressing these challenges. In this blog post, we will delve into the importance of teaching functional words and language in speech therapy, and provide a step-by-step guide on how to do it.

I– What are Functional Words?

Functional words are essential vocabulary that enables individuals to communicate their basic needs, wants, and ideas. These words include:

– Greetings (e.g., “hello,” “goodbye”)
– Requests (e.g., “please,” “thank you”)
– Refusals (e.g., “no,” “I don’t want”)
– Questions (e.g., “what,” “where”)
– Statements (e.g., “I want,” “I need”)
– Affirmations (“Yes” , “OK”)
– Help!
– Wait!
– Start and Stop
– Come and go, etc.

These words are important because they help us interact with others and get what we need.

II- Why Teach Functional Words in Speech Therapy?

Teaching functional words in speech therapy offers numerous benefits, including:

1. Enhanced communication skills : Communicate the needs and wants more effectively

2. Increased confidence in expressing needs and wants: Feel more confident in the ability to communicate

3. Build relationships with family, friends, and caregivers: Understand what others are saying
4. Greater independence in daily activities
5. Reduced frustration and anxiety related to communication difficulties

III– How to Teach Functional Words in Speech Therapy:

1. Start with the Basics: Begin with simple high-frequency words like “hello” and “goodbye.” Use visual aids, gestures, and real-life examples, pictures or objects to help illustrate the meaning.

2. Use Real-Life Examples: Practice using functional words in everyday real-life situations, like ordering food, requesting a favorite toy or asking for help.

3. Make it Fun: Incorporate games, role-plays, and activities that make learning fun and engaging. For example, use a “hello” and “goodbye” routine during therapy sessions.

4. Focus on One Word at a Time: Avoid overwhelming! Don’t try to teach too many words at once. Focus on one word and practice it until it’s mastered and then move on to the next.

5. Encourage Practice: Encourage individuals to practice using functional words in their daily lives, such as during mealtimes or when interacting with family members.

IV- Tips for Teaching Functional Language:

1. Use Simple Language: Use simple language that is easy to understand.
2. Use Visual Aids: Use pictures, diagrams, or videos to help illustrate the meaning and support retention.
3. Practice, Practice, Practice: Practice functional language regularly to build confidence and fluency.
4. Make it Relevant: Make language relevant to the individual’s interests, needs and goals.

V- Additional Strategies

●Use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices or visual supports to enhance communication.
●Incorporate functional words into daily routines and activities.
●Encourage self-initiation and spontaneity in communication.
●Provide opportunities for social interaction and practice.


Teaching functional words and language in speech therapy can make a big difference in someone’s ability to communicate effectively. By starting with the basics, using real-life examples, and making it fun, individuals can build the skills they need to succeed. Focus on one word at a time, encourage practice, and make language relevant to their interests and needs. With patience and practice, anyone can learn to communicate more effectively!


Author Shilpi Mayank Awasthi
Founder SpecialSaathi